Orange Pi One does not support USB 3. Read Disk I\/O<\/strong> below for data transfer rates.<\/p>\n I gave up on using a premade Orange Pi One enclosure<\/a> because they can not accommodate a 2.5″ SSD. Instead I cut a piece of pressboard to the SSD size, spray painted it chrome and mounted it on top of the SSD using #4 bolts.<\/p>\n The SSD mounting holes are spaced a bit wider than the holes on the Orange Pi One board. That’s why we need a mounting plate to mount Orange Pi One.<\/p>\n I used short PVC spacers to lift off the Orange Pi and screwed it into the pressboard.<\/p>\n The USB to SATA cable loop was tugging on the USB connector. I pulled it tighter with a zip tie to relieve the stress on the connector. I will look for a better cable.<\/p>\n The OS is installed on a Micro SD card. I use Debian. I’ve had this computer for a while and don’t remember if I downloaded the OS image from the Orange Pi site<\/a>\u00a0 or from the official Debian site.<\/p>\n However, I upgraded to Debian 9 Stretch using just the official Debian repo. Make sure to use the armhf architecture.<\/p>\n You can connect the Orange Pi One HDMI output to a display and add a USB hub to connect a mouse and a keyboard. Instead I just ssh into the machine from another Linux box like:<\/p>\n You can create a private\/public RSA key pair<\/a> on the client machine and push the public key to the Orange Pi to avoid being prompted for the password.<\/p>\n You can also connect from outside of your network if you setup port 22 forwarding in your router\/firewall to send traffic to the IP address of the Orange Pi. If you do so, make sure your passwords are very strong.<\/p>\n You may experience thousands of brute force password crack attempts an hour. A good tool to reduce risk is Fail2ban<\/a> which temporarily bans originating IPs after five failed login attempts. You can install Fail2ban with:<\/p>\n It’s very useful for a NAS to have a static IP address. Debian 9 is usually configured to use DHCP at install time.<\/p>\n To setup static IP address use a text editor like vi or nano:<\/p>\n And add something like:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The actual IP addresses may be different in your case. Make sure to select an unused IP address for the Orange PI.<\/p>\n The new configuration will not take effect until you reboot or restart networking with:<\/p>\n The original Orange Pi One shipped with some overclocking issue. Run the dmesg command to see if the log is flooded with something like this:<\/p>\n To mitigate the problem install:<\/p>\n And edit the configuration:<\/p>\n to change:<\/p>\n This is not the most elegant solution. It will make your\u00a0 CPU run slower, but it will also runs cooler and the errors will go away.<\/p>\n Your USB connected SATA drive will not automatically mount when connected. To mount manually you first need to find out the device name.<\/p>\n Connect the drive and execute dmesg. The device name will be printed towards the bottom of the log. Let’s say the drive device name is sda1 in our example.<\/p>\n Create a directory that will become the mountpoint and mount the drive:<\/p>\n If you mount the drive with sudo then you need to change the ownership so your regular user can read and write:<\/p>\n The drive will not mount at reboot unless you configure it in fstab (the old way) or systemd (Debian 8 or higher).<\/p>\n Make a little mount script in your home directory:<\/p>\n Copy, paste, customize, save:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Then add a new service for systemd which will execute the above bash script at boot time:<\/p>\n Copy, paste, customize, save:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Reload systemd and kick off your new service:<\/p>\n Your system is now up and running and you can setup servers and services that will make it into a NAS.<\/p>\n A NAS requires a Samba server so that Windows, MacOS, and Linux machines can connect to the network share. To install SMB use:<\/p>\n Open the Samba configuration file:<\/p>\n Copy, paste, customize, save:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The “storage” directory is the mountpoint we had created earlier.<\/p>\n Add a Samba user:<\/p>\n Restart the Samba server:<\/p>\n At this point the machines on your network should see the share and connect as newUserName you created.<\/p>\n Connecting to the share is specific to your client OS. In Windows you can right click “Computer” and select “Map Network Drive.” In the folder field type:<\/p>\n The beauty of building your own NAS is that you can add any type of service you need. I added a daily automated backup to an off-site server I own. You can also use Google Drive, Amazon S3 Bucket, or any other cloud storage<\/p>\n I have a ~\/backup.sh script containing something like:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n It uses the rsync command to do incremental backup of ~\/storage to a remote server called someServer.com. The –delete option ensures that any files deleted on the NAS are also removed from the backup server.<\/p>\n We use systemd again to make a service out of this script and schedule it. You can also use cron to schedule.<\/p>\n Create a backup service:<\/p>\n Copy, paste, customize, save:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Create a daily timer for the service:<\/p>\n Copy, paste, customize, save:<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The 1 day period is specified in \u201cOnUnitActiveSec=1d. \u201d<\/p>\n Reload systemd and kick off your new backup service:<\/p>\n To check all timers:<\/p>\n Orange Pi One has USB 2 on-board. The average write rates I clocked are:<\/p>\n 33 MB\/s for EXT4 formatted drive<\/p>\n 17 MB\/s for NTFS formatted drive<\/p>\n This same drive is able to hit 93 MB\/s using USB 3 on another machine.<\/p>\n If you format your drive as EXT4 you will not be able to read it on MacOS\/Windows without some extra EXT file system software.<\/a>\u00a0 I’m primarily Linux based and EXT4 works just fine for me.<\/p>\n To test the\u00a0 speed, make a tmp folder on the drive and run dd:<\/p>\n The SSD has standard mounting holes on the sides. I used small L brackets to mount the finished NAS to the underside of my desk.<\/p>\n I used small thumbscrews to fasten the SSD to the L brackets. They allow me to easily lower the Orange Pi for a quick access to the pin headers.<\/p>\n You can spend upwards of $200 on a home Network Attached storage (NAS) or you can build one using spare parts like I did. Not only the DIY solution is cheaper, but it also allows you to customize the NAS to meet your needs. It’s also a great way to learn how all this stuff … Continue reading Orange Pi NAS<\/span> ![\"Orange](\"http:\/\/www.skifactz.com\/wifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/orangepi_mounting_plate-300x225.jpg\")
<\/a>![\"Orange](\"http:\/\/www.skifactz.com\/wifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/orangepi_nas-300x225.jpg\")
<\/a>The Operating System<\/h1>\n
Connecting to the Orange Pi<\/h3>\n
ssh <myUserName>@<OrangeOneIP><\/pre>\n
apt-get install fail2ban<\/pre>\n
Static IP<\/h3>\n
nano \/etc\/network\/interfaces<\/pre>\n
auto eth0\r\n\r\nallow-hotplug eth0\r\n\r\niface eth0 inet static\r\n\r\naddress 192.168.1.100 #This is the static IP address for Orange Pi\r\n\r\nnetmask 255.255.255.0\r\n\r\ngateway 192.168.1.1 #This is your router IP address<\/pre>\n
systemctl restart networking<\/pre>\n
The Overclocking Issue<\/h3>\n
[ 16.876698] [ARISC WARING] :callback not install\r\n\r\n[ 16.886241] [cpu_freq] ERR:set cpu frequency to 480MHz failed!<\/pre>\n
apt-get install cpufrequtils<\/pre>\n
nano \/etc\/init.d\/cpufrequtils<\/pre>\n
governor=\"powersave\"<\/pre>\n
Mounting the USB Drive<\/h3>\n
mkdir ~\/storage\r\n\r\nmount \/dev\/sda1\/ ~\/storage<\/pre>\n
chown -R <yourUserName>:<yourUserName> \/home\/<yourUserName>\/storage<\/pre>\n
Auto Mount the USB Drive with Systemd<\/h3>\n
nano ~\/storagemount.sh<\/pre>\n
#!\/bin\/bash\r\n\r\n# Mount USB SSD\r\n# This script is run as service at boot time by \/etc\/systemd\/system\/storagemount.service\r\n# Substitute your actual user name in place of <yourUserName>\r\n\r\nmountpoint=\/home\/<yourUserName>\/storage\r\nmount \/dev\/sda1 $mountpoint\r\nchown -R <yourUserName>:<yourUserName> $mountpoint<\/pre>\n
nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/storagemount.service<\/pre>\n
[Unit]\r\n\r\nDescription=Mount SSD and change owner to regular user\r\n\r\n[Service]\r\n\r\nType=simple\r\n\r\nExecStart=\/home\/<yourUserName>\/storagemount.sh\r\n\r\n[Install]\r\n\r\nWantedBy=multi-user.target<\/pre>\n
systemctl daemon-reload\r\n\r\nsystemctl enable storagemount.service\r\n\r\nsystemctl start storagemount.service<\/pre>\n
Customizations<\/h1>\n
Setup Samba<\/h3>\n
apt-get install samba<\/pre>\n
nano \/etc\/samba\/smb.conf<\/pre>\n
[<yourShareArbitraryName>]\r\n comment = All Users\r\n path = \/home\/<yourUserName>\/storage\r\n valid users = @users\r\n force group = users\r\n create mask = 0774\r\n directory mask = 0771\r\n writable = yes<\/pre>\n
smbpasswd -a <newUserName><\/pre>\n
systemctl restart smbd<\/pre>\n
\\\\<OrangePI-IP-Address>\\<yourShareName><\/pre>\n
Atomated Backup<\/h3>\n
#!\/bin\/bash\r\n\r\nrunuser -l <yourUserName> -c 'rsync -amz --delete \/home\/<yourUserName>\/storage\/ <yourUserName>@<someServer>.com:backup-directory'<\/pre>\n
nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/backup.service<\/pre>\n
[Unit]\r\nDescription=Rsync backup of NAS storage to a remote server\r\n\r\n[Service]\r\nType=oneshot\r\n\r\nExecStart=\/bin\/bash -c \/home\/<yourUserName>\/backup.sh<\/pre>\n
nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/backup.timer<\/pre>\n
[Unit]\r\nDescription=NAS backup timer\r\n\r\n[Timer]\r\nOnBootSec=45s\r\nOnUnitActiveSec=1d\r\nUnit=backup.service\r\n\r\n[Install]\r\nWantedBy=timers.target<\/pre>\n
systemctl daemon-reload\r\n\r\nsystemctl enable backup.timer\r\n\r\nsystemctl start backup.timer<\/pre>\n
systemctl list-timers --all<\/pre>\n
Disk I\/O<\/h1>\n
mkdir ~\/tmp\r\n\r\ndd if=\/dev\/zero of=~\/tmp\/output.img bs=8k count=256k<\/pre>\n
Mounting The Computer<\/h1>\n
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<\/a>![\"Orange](\"http:\/\/www.skifactz.com\/wifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/OrangePi_mounted_vertical-1-263x300.jpg\")
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